How Air Conditioners Work
The fascinating physics that keeps you cool on hot summer days
The Basic Principle
Air conditioners don't actually "create" cold air. They work by transferring heat from inside your home to the outside, using some clever physics and a special chemical called refrigerant.
This process relies on two fundamental scientific principles:
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When a liquid evaporates, it absorbs heat from its surroundings
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When a gas condenses, it releases heat to its surroundings
Heat Transfer Machine
Moving heat from inside to outside
Key Components
Compressor
The "heart" that pumps refrigerant through the system
Condenser Coil
Releases heat to the outside air
Expansion Valve
Controls refrigerant flow into evaporator
Evaporator Coil
Absorbs heat from indoor air
The Cooling Cycle
1. Compression
Refrigerant gas is compressed, increasing its temperature and pressure.
2. Condensation
Hot gas flows through condenser coils, releasing heat to outside air and condensing into liquid.
3. Expansion
Liquid refrigerant passes through expansion valve, dropping pressure and temperature.
4. Evaporation
Cold refrigerant absorbs heat from indoor air, evaporating back into gas.
Types of Air Conditioners
Window Units
All components in one box that fits in a window. Affordable but only cools one room.
Split Systems
Separate indoor and outdoor units. Quieter and more efficient than window units.
Central AC
Uses ductwork to distribute cooled air throughout entire home. Most powerful option.
Cooling Efficiency Tips
Maximize Your AC's Performance
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Keep filters clean - check monthly during peak usage
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Seal leaks in ductwork to prevent cooled air loss
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Use ceiling fans to help distribute cool air
Energy Saving Strategies
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Set thermostat to 78°F (26°C) when home, higher when away
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Close blinds/curtains during hottest parts of day
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Consider a programmable or smart thermostat